The "Belt and Road" initiative put forward by the Chinese Government has sparked a whole-new movement of inclusive globalization, and is expected to accelerate the growth of regional economy and shape the new pattern of peaceful and win-win international cooperation. With this initiative being accepted by more and more countries, the academic circle is making waves of studies on the "Belt and Road". Nevertheless, the existing studies focus mainly on such fields as geopolitics, finance, trade and economy, and there are rare studies on the population and development issues in countries along the Belt and Road.　This study will describe the population development facts as well as the population policy in countries along the Belt and Road, so as to deepen our understanding of the status quo and trends of population development in these countries, thus providing fundamental information for future exchanges on population policy. It concludes that The "Belt and Road" is like a scaled-down version of the world, with countries along the Belt and Road being at the different stages of development and showing evident regional characteristics. There exist diversified population policies due to the significant differences in population situations, different population goals and different stage of development. It is suggested to carry out in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the background of policy promulgation, policy contents, implementation measures and effects, and the policy alteration track in combination with the social and economic development of a nation.

The Chinese version of this paper is collected in Global Population Change and Policy Response, China Population and Development Research Center, China Population Press, yet to be published.